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Concerns over food security and dependency on Russian foodstuffs force African states to remain distant from the conflict. Now in addition to this food dependency, Russia has begun augmenting its diplomatic playbook in Africa with changes in its energy diplomacy and military power projection.
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Over the last year, the West imposed sanctions on Moscow, cut back its purchases of Russian hydrocarbons, and sent military support to Ukraine. But the world’s largest democracy, and one of the United States' biggest allies in Asia, India, hasn’t done any of that. Rather, India has seized the opportunity to purchase cheap Russian energy to bolster its ailing economy. Surprisingly, US Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen has pointed out that “India is welcome to purchase as much oil as it wants”, as it gets Russia oil at a large discount, up to 30 percent and more.
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Ukrainian intelligence has reported that Russian energy giant Gazprom is establishing its own private military company (PMC). The rationale for an energy company establishing a security force is at least vaguely plausible given the need to defend fixed assets in trouble spots. Western energy companies like Exxon and BP do the same. However, Gazprom is not establishing a private army to guard a few remote wells or pipelines, or even to be sent to Ukraine. Gazprom’s move is likely about control over valuable energy resources inside of Russia, but more generally, a scramble for power.
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Many people take the security of our national grid for granted. They should not.
Since the days of the Soviet threat during the Cold War, the US grid was in the scope of foreign militaries. In addition to China and Russia, Iran and North Korea drew contingency plans to destroy our sources of electricity. Yet, it is not only foreign governments that target our electric lifelines.
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Clean hydrogen has long been a promising but unrealized green energy source. A bipartisan infrastructure bill introduced last year suggests allocating 7 billion dollars to create clean hydrogen hubs.
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Elon Musk was acquitted by a US district court over a tweet that forced him to resign as Tesla’s executive chairman in 2018. Now, fresh off his victory in acquiring the very same Twitter for an inflated price, Elon Musk and Tesla were slammed by a historically low 2022 earnings report which prompted a 70% decline in stock in 2022. This earned Elon Musk the dubious distinction of having the largest net worth decline in history — $200 billion — and prompted critical evaluation of his abilities to simultaneously run Tesla and Twitter. In January 2023, Tesla’s stock subsequently climbed 38% in a single month. Tesla’s stock roller coaster has prompted premature panic concerning the long-term viability of the Electric Vehicle (EV) industry and misplaced attacks on EV technology.
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Historically, nations to Europe’s East and South (and the Middle East) supplied the necessary energy to the West. Over the last two decades, the European dependence on imported natural gas went up by almost 20%, from 65.7% to 83.6%. Before the war in Ukraine started, Germany imported 60% of its gas from Russia.
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Kevin McCarthy's quest to become Speaker of the House ended after 15 votes with many concessions granted to the hardline, America first, Freedom Caucus within the GOP House delegation that prevented his unchallenged ascent. The extent of these concessions took weeks to emerge and drew controversy. Notably, Marjorie “Jewish space lasers” Taylor Greene received seats on the powerful Homeland Security and Oversight committees.
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After 2022-2023’s unusually warm winter, Europe may be winning its energy struggle with Russia, but a lasting solution for energy-hungry Europe has not arrived yet. While Europe’s ad-hoc responses to Russian embargos have succeeded in changing one of the cornerstones of its economy, they are neither systematic nor sustainable.
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If left to market forces, commodities and industries tend to be more efficient and grow faster. This Economics 101 maxim now enjoys solid bipartisan support rejuvenating the supply chain, manufacturing, and utilization of solar panels in renewable power plants to fuel the energy transition of the 21st century.
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The invasion in Ukraine was supposed to be long over by now – by Kremlin’s count. After the first three days, Russia’s “short victorious war” would end with a Quisling government in and a parade through Kyiv which would have cemented Russian President Vladimir Putin’s legacy and the Russian empire redux of Eastern Orthodox Slavs: Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, or as the czarist lingo went, “the Great, Little and White Russia”.
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2022’s energy price convulsions did not start with Ukraine and Western sanctions against Russia. Another Russian neighbor, Kazakhstan, ushered in the year with protests triggered by higher fuel prices. These protests escalated into violence and rioting and sparked a brief Commonwealth Security Treaty Organization intervention, led by Russia.
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As climate change shifts from a “far-off problem” to “eminent threat” in public perception, governments and billionaire philanthropists scramble to mitigate the impacts of global warming. Geoengineering, the radical transformation of the environment and ecosystem, has been an object of considerable interest. There are two main approaches to man-made climate intervention: Aerosol geoengineering, the spraying of particulates into the atmosphere to partially block the sun, has dominated discussions, while aquatic geoengineering remains comparatively unknown.
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On November 27-28 a conference in Paris addressed a broad spectrum of challenges humanity is facing. Renowned thinkers, including Nuriel Roubini and Jacob Frenkel, the former Chairman of JP Morgan International, and three central bankers from Iceland, Tunisia, and Armenia, warned about inflation and the growing mountain of debt threatening the global economy. The panel at which this author addressed civilian nuclear security was organized by Dialogue of the Continents, a project of the Astana Club, the brainchild of the Nazarbayev Foundation. The panel was chaired by the veteran nuclear policy expert Ambassador Kairat Abusseitov, the former First Deputy Foreign Minister of Kazakhstan.
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China has again taken center stage with a string of groundbreaking events that will define its policy course for years to come – both domestically and internationally. The CCP’s 20th Party Congress bequeathed Xi Jinping a historic third term as President, but extreme economic turmoil and COVID protest have resulted in a chink in his political armor.
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Europe’s winter – likely to be warmer than average – is a welcome relief for a continent that was facing existential energy supply problems a few months ago. Those problems still exist, and many Europeans are suffering due to the avoidable problems associated with overreliance on Russian gas. Thankfully, the window in which Russia could have leveraged its energy control for a favorable political resolution in Ukraine may be getting smaller. Winter is here, and Europe endures, although not without hiccups.
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Peak oil, a hypothetical point when global oil production maximizes and enters an irreversible decline, has been the holy grail of resource economics for decades: prized and just as elusive. Recently, technological development including increased digitization has altered conventional understandings associated with “peak oil”. Like other consumable resources, peak oil is grounded in reality: Oil is a finite natural resource produced over a geological timespan whereas demand continues to climb. However, peak oil could also become a self-fulfilling prophecy, inadvertently misinforming the public.
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The midterm elections’ “red trickle" has not curbed some Democrats’ enthusiasm to begin proposing controversial legislation. One of the most divisive and consequential is the proposed windfall tax on energy companies. Proposals from Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI), Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), and Representative Ro Khanna (D-CA) have gained the tacit support of President Joe Biden but are unlikely to pass congress. Washington does what it does best: political theater and posturing. However, just because a bad idea isn’t translating into policy, doesn’t mean it’s not worth refuting.
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The COP27 conference which wraps up in the Egyptian resort of Sharm-el-Sheikh featured dire environmental predictions. Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres warned world leaders we are “on a highway to climate hell with our foot still on the accelerator”. This has prompted an array of responses of varying efficacy, including carbon offsetting on a global scale. Carbon offsetting is the process of mitigating carbon emissions by creating carbon sinks elsewhere to compensate for emissions that cannot be cut (For example, planting X trees per Y amount of CO2). Locally, carbon offsetting is a vital element of sound environmental policy. Internationally, carbon offsetting takes on dangerous unintended characteristics of a taxpayer-funded boondoggle.
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Liquefied-natural gas (LNG) is a bridge fuel that will help the world reach decarbonization as an energy source that is vastly cleaner than its hydrocarbon competitors, such as diesel and coal. When it comes to power generation, it is still able to employ much of the infrastructure used by other fossil fuels. Lately, it has assumed another role: in Europe, LNG is protecting the continent from a total blackout as Vladimir Putin is contemplating turning off the spigot, while in the United States, it is a gold mine that can potentially turn the country into a future energy superpower.
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President Joe Biden’s recent statements denouncing coal drew fire from Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) and several western Democrats, upsetting the calculus for many elections out west. In midterms, Biden may have forgotten, all voters have a say, not just the activist base. To make things worse, Biden also “promised” to stop all oil drilling in a Q&A with a voter, which did not get enough media attention despite an available video.
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Copper is the wiring connecting the present and future. It is also the global markets’ latest runaway. The growing supply-demand gap for copper is increasing volatility in markets to the point that buyers are seeking to secure long-term deals due to increased concerns about its availability. Copper prices have surged since they hit a low point in March 2020 as COVID hit. Low copper prices (58% decline from 2010 to 2016) helped spur and sustain investments and research in renewables, but they also reduced incentives for many copper manufacturers, including Broken Hill Proprietary, Freeport-McMoran, Glencore, and Southern Copper, to increase production levels. High copper prices could constrain electrification, including for transport, and emerging technologies, such as renewables.
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The Iranian government’s violent crackdown on protests stemming from the murder of Mahsa Amini by Iran’s Morality Police is driving the West to levy further sanctions against Iran. The US Treasury Department has already placed extensive financial sanctions on the members of Iran’s Morality Police with the US State Department promising more to follow. With the protests continuing to gain steam as Iran’s oil workers simultaneously go on strike - a vital part of the Shah’s 1979 downfall - there is widespread hope that Iran’s protestors can topple the Mullahs and bring the country back into the community of nations.
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Much of China’s economic planning and domestic policy is energy focused and rests on a proven trifecta the USA would be well advised to examine and emulate where possible. First, massive investments in nuclear power, uranium refining, and modular reactors are set to make China the leading nuclear power in Asia. Second, China’s massive investment and dominance in every step of the rare earth mineral supply chain, especially coltan and lithium, is helping China monopolize the energy infrastructure of the future. Thirdly and finally, large investments in hydroelectricity (although this cannot be practically emulated in the US for lack of capacity, environmental, and permitting reasons). China’s much-publicized investment in renewables complements this trifecta but doesn’t feature centrally in any energy plans.
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